Task A
1.
Summarize what we learn about life in Kosawa and Pexton’s role in it.
Comprehension (12 Punkte)
2.
Analyze the atmosphere created in the text and its effect on the reader. Focus on narrative techniques and use of language.
(Analysis) (16 Punkte)
3.
Choose one of the following tasks:
3.1
Steve Killelea, founder of the Institute for Economics and Peace, warns that "ecological threats pose serious challenges to global peace. [...] In the absence of action, civil unrest, riots and conflict will most likely increase."
Comment on this prediction, referring to economic, ecological and political issues of globalization.
Comment on this prediction, referring to economic, ecological and political issues of globalization.
(Evaluation: comment) (14 Punkte)
3.2
Having committed her life to fight against oil drilling in Nigeria, Thula, the narrator, has been awarded an international prize for her outstanding achievements for sustainable development in Nigeria. In consequence, she has been invited to write an article for The Guardian about how her childhood in Kosawa has motivated her to become an environmental activist and about her demands for the future. Write the article.
(Evaluation: re-creation of text) (14 Punkte)
Imbolo Mbue
How Beautiful We Were
This is the beginning of the novel. The story is told from Thula’s perspective and is set in the fictional African village Kosawa in the 1980ies.
1
We should have known the end was near. How could we not have known? When the sky
2
began to pour acid and rivers began to turn green, we should have known our land would
3
soon be dead. Then again, how could we have known when they didn’t want us to know?
4
When we began to wobble and stagger, tumbling and snapping like feeble little branches,
5
they told us it would soon be over, that we would all be well in no time. They asked us to
6
come to village meetings, to talk about it. They told us we had to trust them.
7
We should have spat in their faces, heaped upon them names most befitting – liars,
8
savages, unscrupulous, evil. We should have cursed their mothers and their grandmothers,
9
flung pejoratives upon their fathers, prayed for unspeakable calamities to befall their
10
children. We hated them and we hated their meetings, but we attended all of them. Every
11
eight weeks we went to the village square to listen to them. We were dying. We were
12
helpless. We were afraid. Those meetings were our only chance at salvation. […]
13
In the square we sat in near silence as the sun left us for the day, oblivious to how the
14
beauty of its descent heightened our anguish. We watched as the Pexton men placed their
15
briefcases on the table our village head, Woja Beki, had set for them. There were always
16
three of them – we called them the Round One (his face was as round as a ball we would
17
have had fun kicking), the Sick One (his suits were oversized, giving him the look of a man
18
dying of a flesh-stealing disease), and the Leader (he did the talking, the other two did the
19
nodding). We mumbled among ourselves as they opened their briefcases and passed sheets
20
of paper among themselves, covering their mouths as they whispered into each other’s ears
21
to ensure they had their lies straight. We had nowhere more important to be so we waited,
22
desperate for good news. We whispered at intervals, wondering what they were thinking
23
whenever they paused to look at us […].
24
We inhaled, waited, exhaled. We remembered those who had died from diseases with
25
neither names nor cures – our siblings and cousins and friends who had perished from the
26
poison in the water and the poison in the air and the poisoned food growing from the land
27
that lost its purity the day Pexton came drilling. We hoped the men would look into our eyes
28
and feel something for us. We were children, like their children, and we wanted them to
29
recognize that. If they did, it wasn’t apparent in their countenance. They’d come for Pexton,
30
to keep its conscience clean; they hadn’t come for us.
31
Woja Beki walked up to the front and thanked everyone for coming.
32
“My dear people,” he said, exposing the teeth no one wanted to see, “if we don’t ask for
33
what we want, we’ll never get it. If we don’t expunge what’s in our bellies, are we not
34
going to suffer from constipation and die?”
35
We did not respond; we cared nothing for what he had t 35 o say. We knew he was one of
36
them. We’d known for years that though he was our leader, descended from the same
37
ancestors as us, we no longer meant anything to him. Pexton had bought his cooperation
38
and he had, in turn, sold our future to them. […]
39
In the glow of the fading sun our village looked almost beautiful, our faces almost free
40
of anguish. Our grandfathers and grandmothers appeared serene, but we knew they weren’t
41
– they’d seen much, and yet they’d never seen anything like this.
42
“We’ll now hear from Mr. Honorable Representative of Pexton, all the way from Bézam
43
to speak to us again,” Woja Beki said, before returning to his seat.
44
The Leader rose up, walked toward us, and stood in the center of the square.
45
For several seconds, he stared at us, his head angled, his smile so strenuously earnest we
46
wondered if he was admiring a radiance we’d never been told we had. We waited for him to
47
say something that would make us burst into song and dance. We wanted him to tell us that
48
Pexton had decided to leave and take the diseases with them.
49
His smile broadened, narrowed, landed on our faces, scanning our stillness. Seemingly
50
satisfied, he began speaking. He was happy to be back in Kosawa on this fine day, he said.
51
What a lovely evening it was, with the half-moon in the distance, such a perfect breeze, was
52
that the sound of sparrows singing in one accord? What a gorgeous village. He wanted to thank
53
us for coming. It was great to see everyone again. Incredible how many precious children
54
Kosawa has. We had to believe him that the people at headquarters were sad about what was
55
happening to us. They were all working hard to resolve this issue so everyone could be
56
healthy and happy again. He spoke slowly, his smile constant, as if he was about to deliver
57
the good news we so yearned for.
58
We barely blinked as we watched him, listening to lies we’d heard before. Lies about how
59
the people who controlled Pexton cared about us. Lies about how the big men in the
60
government of His Excellency cared about us. Lies about how hundreds of people in the
61
capital had asked him to relay their condolences to us. “They mourn with you at the news of
62
every death,” he said. “It’ll be over soon. It’s time your suffering ended, isn’t it?”
Imbolo Mbue, How Beautiful We Were, Edinburgh: Canongate 2021, S. 3 – 7
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Note:
Our solutions are listed in bullet points. In the examination, full marks can only be achieved by writing a continuous text. It must be noted that our conclusions contain only some of the possible aspects. Students can also find a different approach to argumentation.
Our solutions are listed in bullet points. In the examination, full marks can only be achieved by writing a continuous text. It must be noted that our conclusions contain only some of the possible aspects. Students can also find a different approach to argumentation.
1.
The beginning of the novel "How Beautiful We Were" by Imbolo Mbue published in 2021 is about the desperate situation of a fictional village in Africa and how they are exploited by the greed of a company.
Introduction
- in the village of Kosawa, life has taken a devastating turn due to environmental destruction caused by the activities of the Pexton company
- the land and water are polluted, leading to the death of villagers from unknown diseases
- despite their suffering, the Pexton representatives visit the village for meetings, making promises and offering false reassurances.
Main Body
life in Kosawa
life in Kosawa
- Pexton plays the role of an uncaring corporation in Kosawa, exploiting environment as well as villagers; concerning only protecting its own interests and appearing to care about the inhabitants
- company representatives come across as disingenuous and manipulative, trying to appease villagers while refusing to take responsibility for the damage caused by their actions
- the village chief has been bought off by Pexton and is no longer interested in the welfare of his own people
- plays a role in supporting Pexton's agenda and playing a false leadership role
- despite the villagers' desperation, they are repeatedly lied to at meetings and fobbed off with false promises
- the Pexton leader makes eloquent speeches and feigns compassion, but the villagers see through these deceptions and realize that the company's actions have brought suffering and death to their community
- through the portrayal of Pexton's representatives and the village leader, the play sheds light on corporate greed, government complicity, and the devastating effects of environmental exploitation on vulnerable communities like Kosawa
Pexton's role in Kosawa
2.
The atmosphere created in the text is one of despair, helplessness, and betrayal. The narrative techniques and use of language evoke a sense of impending doom and the villagers' desperate struggle against an unstoppable force.
Introduction
- the author uses vivid imagery to depict the devastating effects of Pexton's actions on the environment
- the description of acidic skies and rivers turning green gives a vivid picture of the destruction of the land and evokes a sense of impending disaster
- Repetition: The repetition of phrases such as "we should have known" and "we were dying" emphasizes the villagers' feelings of regret and desperation
- The repetition amplifies the sense of inevitability and the weight of their predicament
- Rhetorical Questions: the rhetorical questions, "How could we not have known?" and "When they didn't want us to know?" reinforce the theme of deception and manipulation
- these questions imply that the villagers were deliberately kept in the dark about the impending disaster
- Pejorative Language: The use of pejorative language, such as "liars," "savages," and "unscrupulous, evil," reflects the villagers' intense anger and frustration towards Pexton and its representatives
- the language conveys the depth of their hatred and the sense of betrayal they feel
- Irony: the irony in the text lies in the false reassurances given by the Pexton representatives
- despite the grim reality of the villagers' suffering and deaths, the representatives maintain a veneer of concern and promise resolution while continuing their destructive actions
- Contrast: the contrast between the villagers' anguish and the seemingly beautiful setting of the village creates a poignant effect
- the serene appearance of the village belies the turmoil and devastation faced by its inhabitants
- Characterization: the characterization of Woja Beki as a leader who has betrayed his own people by cooperating with Pexton adds to the sense of betrayal and hopelessness felt by the villagers
Main Body
narrative techniques and use of language
narrative techniques and use of language
- the effect of these narrative techniques and language choices on the reader is a profound emotional response
- the reader is immersed in the villagers' plight, feeling their frustration, anger, and despair
- the portrayal of corporate greed, government complicity, and the suffering of vulnerable communities elicits a sense of empathy and a call for environmental and social justice
- the reader is left with a deep sense of the urgency to address the issues of environmental destruction and exploitation that disproportionately affect marginalized communities
- the narrative serves as a powerful critique of the consequences of unchecked corporate interests and their impact on human lives.
Conclusion
3.1
Steve Killelea's warning about ecological threats posing serious challenges to global peace is a valid concern that touches upon multiple interconnected aspects of globalization. The prediction highlights the potential consequences of failing to address environmental issues, and it is important to consider the economic, ecological, and political dimensions in order to fully understand its implications.
Introduction
- ecological threats can have a significant economic impact
- climate change, natural resource depletion, and environmental degradation can disrupt ecosystems, impact agricultural productivity, and cause economic losses in various sectors
- these challenges can exacerbate poverty, inequality, and resource scarcity, leading to social and economic tensions within and between nations
- the increasing competition for limited resources can fuel conflicts over access to water, land, and energy, potentially leading to civil unrest and regional conflicts
Main Body
Economical issues
Economical issues
- environmental degradation and ecological imbalances can directly impact human well-being and livelihoods
- the loss of biodiversity, deforestation, pollution, and climate change can result in food insecurity, displacement of populations, and increased vulnerability to natural disasters
- these adverse conditions can create social unrest, as people struggle to cope with the impacts of environmental crises
- moreover, as climate change accelerates, it can amplify existing geopolitical tensions, leading to migration, border disputes, and conflicts over climate-induced resource scarcity
Ecological issues
- the relationship between ecological threats and political stability is also significant
- governments that fail to address environmental challenges may face growing public discontent, leading to protests, civil unrest, and challenges to political legitimacy
- in some cases, governments may use environmental issues as a pretext to suppress dissent or consolidate power, further fueling tensions and conflicts
Political issues
- to address these challenges and mitigate potential conflicts, coordinated international efforts are essential
- cooperation on environmental protection, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development is critical to ensuring a more peaceful and equitable global future
- policymakers, businesses, and civil society must recognize the interplay between environmental threats and peace and prioritize environmental sustainability as a key component of global stability
Addressing challenges
- in conclusion, Steve Killelea's prediction underscores the importance of addressing ecological threats to maintain global peace
- failure to address environmental challenges can lead to unrest, insurgency, and conflict
- addressing these problems requires collective action, collaboration and a commitment to sustainability
Conclusion
3.2
From Kosawa to the World: My Journey as an Environmental Activist
Title
- I grew up in the picturesque village of Kosawa in Nigeria, surrounded by the wonders of nature
- however, my idyllic childhood took a dramatic turn when the advance of oil drilling threatened our way of life and fragile ecosystem
- this pivotal moment in my life led me on a path of resilience and unwavering commitment to the fight for sustainable development and environmental justice
Introduction
- Kosawa, with its lush landscapes and close-knit community, has shaped my worldview from an early age
- early on, I learned the importance of balance and the deep connection between people and the environment
- our village thrived on sustainable practices, and we revered the land that nourished us
- this deep-rooted appreciation for nature laid the foundation for my later efforts as an environmental activist
Main Body
Childhood in Kosawa
Childhood in Kosawa
- the harmony of Kosawa was shattered when oil drilling destroyed our environment
- when I saw the devastation caused by uncontrolled exploitation and pollution, I felt an overwhelming responsibility to protect our homeland and the rights of my community
- the struggle for justice and the preservation of our way of life drove me to action
- I joined local groups working for sustainable development and environmental protection
- standing shoulder to shoulder with my fellow villagers, our peaceful protests reflected our shared determination to defend our rights and protect our environment
- my journey from a shy child to a militant activist was propelled by the unwavering support of my community and the lessons of my childhood
- despite intimidation, resistance, and doubt, I was determined to stand up for justice and strive for change
Environmental Wake-Up Call and birth of an Activist
- stricter regulations on oil drilling, transparent environmental impact assessments, and meaningful community involvement in decision-making processes
- Use of clean energy and prioritization of sustainable development are essential steps to protect Nigeria's precious biodiversity and ensure a prosperous future for generations to come
- Empowering Nigeria's youth -> Our future is in their hands, and I strongly believe that educating and inspiring young people will ignite a spark that will lead us to a sustainable and environmentally conscious Nigeria
- through workshops, educational programs and engagement, I aim to raise a generation of environmentalists who will carry our vision forward
Demands for the future and empowering Nigeria's youth
- from the heart of Kosawa to the world stage, my journey as an environmental activist has been one of determination, hope, and unwavering dedication
- as we forge ahead together, let us heed the lessons of my childhood and the spirit of Kosawa, and work towards a greener, cleaner, and more equitable world
- together, we can turn dreams into reality, shaping a future where sustainable development and environmental justice thrive
Conclusion