Task A
1.
Describe Nora’s experiences and behaviour in her first year at school.
(Comprehension) (12 Punkte)
2.
Analyse how Nora’s parents and their relationship with their daughter are portrayed. Refer to narrative perspective and use of language.
(Analysis) (16 Punkte)
3.
Choose one of the following tasks:
3.1
In a recent survey among young Americans about the relevance and meaning of the American Dream today one participant characterised the USA as offering “an opportunity for people to better their lives, in a society where people are equal and all have the same access to resources”1. Comment on this statement, referring to work done in class on American myths and realities as well as current social and political developments.
(Zugriff: 23.06.2021)
(Evaluation: comment) (14 Punkte)
[1] https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/oct/15/the-results-are-in-young-people-still-believe-in-t/(Zugriff: 23.06.2021)
3.2
Walking home after Mrs. Winslow has told her about synesthesia for the first time, Nora reflects on her childhood as well as on her hopes and fears for the future. Write her interior monologue.
(Evaluation: re-creation of text) (14 Punkte)
Laila Lalami The Other Americans
The novel is set in California where the Moroccan Guerraoui family immigrated to.
1
Your head in the clouds. The idiom rang like an echo in my life. It had started when I was
2
nine or ten, so absorbed in reading my books that I didn’t hear my name when I was called
3
to the dinner table. “You have your head in the clouds,” my mother would say, often with
4
affection. A few years later, when I helped out at the restaurant after school, the remark turned
5
into a bitter reprimand. “You gave out the wrong change. You have your head in the clouds,”
6
my mother complained. And later yet, when I decided against medical school, it became an
7
accusation. “You’re going to ruin your life, benti. You have your head in the clouds!”
8
Having my head in the clouds was my way of surviving. This realization came to me early,
9
on my first day at Yucca Mesa Elementary, when Mrs. Nielsen cheerfully read the children’s
10
names on the roster, but could not bring herself to say “Nora Zhor Guerraoui.” Twice she
11
started on the middle name and stopped, frowning at the consonant cluster. The class grew
12
silent, united in its curiosity about the word that had made the teacher falter. Then Mrs.
13
Nielsen lowered her reading glasses over her nose and peered at me. “What an unusual
14
name. Where are you from?” At recess, the kids fanned out and gathered again in small
15
groups – military kids, church kids, trailer-park kids, hippie kids – groups in which I knew
16
no one and no one knew me. I stayed behind by the blue wall that bordered the swings, and
17
watched from a distance. In the cafeteria, I ate the zaalouk my mother had put in my lunchbox,
18
while the other girls at my table whispered among themselves. Then Brittany Cutler, a pretty
19
blonde with plaited hair and a toothy smile, turned to me and asked, “What are you eating?”
20
I looked up, immensely grateful for a chance to finally talk to someone. “Eggplant.”
21
“It looks like poop.”
22
The other girls tittered, and for the rest of the day they called me a poop-eater. […]
23
In class, I was quiet. At lunch, I sat alone. The silence cloaked me with safety, but it betrayed
24
me a few months later, when Mrs. Nielsen became convinced I had a learning disability.
25
She called my mother into the classroom one sunny morning in May and used words like
26
severe mutism, social anxiety, oppositional behavior. The terms failed to elicit a flicker of
27
recognition from my mother. After a moment, Mrs. Nielsen’s voice dropped to a whisper.
28
“There’s something wrong with your daughter,” she said. I sat on a yellow mat in the corner,
29
playing, listening, waiting for my mother to say, “There’s nothing wrong with my daughter.”
30
But she only nodded slowly, as if she agreed with the teacher.
31
When my father came home that night and found out what had happened, he said the teacher
32
was a fool. “Hmara,” he called her, a word he reserved for the television anchors with whom
33
he argued during the eight o’clock news. Then he reached into the fridge for a beer and
34
started sorting through the bills on the kitchen counter. I watched my mother’s face for a
35
reaction. It was immediate. “And you know more than the teacher?”
36
“I know more about my daughter.”
37
“Salma didn’t have this problem in kindergarten. She was first in class, always.”
38
“There is no problem, Maryam.”
39
“If she doesn’t speak, she has to repeat the year. That’s what the teacher said.”
40
“No, she doesn’t.” He ruffled my hair. “Nor-eini, try to speak in class, okay?”
41
But the teacher’s threat, relayed and amplified by my mother, was indelible in my mind. Not
42
speaking meant that I would have to repeat, and repeating meant that I wouldn’t have to see
43
Brittany Cutler or her acolytes every day. So I stayed in kindergarten another year. I learned
44
the alphabet again and the pledge of allegiance again, though this time there was Sonya
45
Mukherjee, a girl who was just as quiet as me, a girl who didn’t fit in with the others, either.
46
By the time I started the first grade, I had one friend.
47
Still, it wasn’t until middle school that I fell in with my own tribe – music nerds. Two
48
summers earlier, having noticed my talk of music and colors, my father had enrolled me in
49
piano classes with Mrs. Winslow, a neighbor who had retired to the desert after years of
50
teaching music at USC. She gave a name to how I saw the world. Synesthesia. And with that
51
word came the realization that there was nothing wrong with me, that I shared this way of
52
experiencing sound with many others, some of them musicians.
Aus: Laila Lalami, The Other Americans, London: Bloomsbury Publishing 2019, S. 17 – 19
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Note:
Our solutions are listed in bullet points. In the examination, full marks can only be achieved by writing a continuous text.
Our solutions are listed in bullet points. In the examination, full marks can only be achieved by writing a continuous text.
1.
- This excerpt from the novel "The Other Americans," to be published in 2019 by Laila Lalami, is about a young girl named Nora from a family that immigrated to California and her negative experiences during her first year of school.
Introduction
Reference to the article
Reference to the article
- Nora experiences exclusion, rejection, and discrimination in her first year of school
- she's getting bullied and alienated from other children
- her teacher thinks she has social anxiety and states there had to be something wrong with her (cf. l. 28)
Main Body
Experiences
Experiences
- she's quiet and introverted
- Nora was muted and did not speak at all during her first years at school
- she has all the characteristics of a loner and alienates herself from peers
- when she sees the advantage of staying in kindergarten for another year, she deliberately remains silent
Behavior
2.
- Nora is the main protagonist of the novel's excerpt and is the one whose perspective the story is told in
- she is the youngest daughter in an immigrated family and has at least one older sister
- Nora's narration has a fundamental influence on how the reader perceives the relationship between Nora and her parents
Introduction and Thesis
- the story is told in the first person perspective
- the choice of words indicates that the relationship between Nora and her mother Maryam has changed over the years (cf. l. 4 - 6)
- even though the excerpt is told in first-person perspective, it is unemotional and reflective, further illustrating the distant relationship with her parents
- the way Nora's parents talk about her as if she were not present suggests that they have a rather distant relationship and not a close emotional bond
- this is also underlined by the fact that they never once ask her why she is not speaking, she therefore doesn't get any support from her parents to deal with the problem
- her parents do not address her, although they tell her what to do
- expressions like "you're going to ruin your life" (l. 7) show that the mother does not believe that her daughter makes the right decisions
- the disagreement between Nora's parents indicates a tension between them (cf. l. 32 - 40)
- although one could conclude that Nora's father has more faith in her than her mother, he turns a blind eye to the problem and believes that there is no problem with her mutation (l. 38)
Main Body
Narrative perspective
Narrative perspective
- the parallelism "you have your head in the clouds" (l. 3, 5 and 7) the repetition of this phrase makes it clear that Maryam believes her daughter is absent and not trying hard enough
- the hyperbole "you're going to ruin your life," (l. 7) clearly shows the lacking trust from Maryam in her daughter and thinks that she makes the wrong decisions
- Climax: the enhancement of words in a negative sense "said it with affection, ... complained, ... became an accusation" (cf. l. 4 - 7) illustrates how the relationship between Nora and her mother changed in a negative way
- the comparison of Maryam "Salma didn't have this problem in kindergarten" (l. 37) between her daughters shows that she does not take her problem too serious and therefore neglects her
- when Mrs. Nielsen (teacher) uses the enumeration "severe mutism, social anxiety, oppositional behavior" (l. 26) to highlight her feeling that there is something wrong with Nora, her mother still does not react which shows that Maryam does not take Nora's problem too serious and does not speak to her which depicts the lack of caress and an emotional tie between Nora and her mother once more
Linguistic devices
- all in all, it can be summarized that the relationship between Nora and her parents is portrayed rather unemotionally and without tenderness
- there is obviously no close relationship and the girl is neglected and not supported
- her parents do not seem to care and do not question why Nora does not speak
Conclusion
3.1
- a survey conducted in 2020 about how young people still believe in the American Dream was published in the Washington Times
- one participant referred to the US as a country full of social equality, possibilities and opportunities for every individual
- the question that arises is in fact, whether or not this statement can be proven true given past political and social events and developments
Introduction
Referring to task and survey
Referring to task and survey
- USA - commonly known as the land of unlimited possibilities where all dreams can come true
- the declaration of independence includes at its core these hopes and beliefs for the American dream
- a better, happier, and freer life full of social equality for all citizens of all ranks
- beliefs and values are:
- pursuit of happiness
- liberty
- equality
- the statement of one participant covers exactly these points which, according to the myth, make up the American dream
- however, this statement does not consider past events and developments in America's political and social conditions
- the reality, however, is that the country has long suffered from social inequality and political disruption
- although America is legally pro-minority, there are repeated outbreaks of police violence, racist behavior toward black people and the marginalization of the poor
- the inadequate security means that many people end up on the streets after a life crisis, where they receive neither unemployment benefits nor access to care or education
- although Trump has now resigned and at least some of the damage he left behind with his miserable and inhumane immigration policy can be repaired, there are still disagreements within the parliament
Main Body
American Dream
Myths vs. Realities
American Dream
Myths vs. Realities
- although the U.S. has long been a deficit welfare state. Biden is trying to push through new welfare and environmental reforms that are currently being thwarted by the opposition in the Senate
- in addition, the Black Lives Matter movement, for example, has reignited the racism debate and brought it into focus
- the structural violence against people of color, especially within the police force, became public
- in the meantime, the protests are no longer limited to discrimination against people of color, but solidarity actions go right across the social strata
Current Social Developments
- the change of America's head of state has triggered many political changes
- in one of his first acts of office, Biden reversed some of Trump's most controversial political decisions and tries to reunite the deeply divided country
- however, politics is still characterized by inequality, injustice and discrimination
- political changes take time to be enforced and then to be accepted and implemented by the population
Current Political Developments
- all in all, it can be said that the participant's statement is a wishful state with which the USA is still readily associated
- developments have nevertheless shown that it is on the way to a future characterized by more equality and freedom
- however, it will take some time for political and social changes to take hold and for the country to move in the direction where it aligns with the values of equality, the pursuit of happiness, and liberty
Conclusion
3.2
All my life, I thought there had to be something wrong with me. My thoughts constantly spun around the questions of why I always liked the silence better than chatter. With the silence being my safe haven, my retreat, a cloak that shielded me from the outside world and where I have been accepted. It turned out though, I had been mistaken. There was neither something wrong with me nor did I need the silence to protect me.
Reflection on childhood
But I am so hopeful for the future. I'm not the first one with this ability. And isn't it actually a pretty cool ability, when you think about it? Couldn't it also be called a gift? A sense of relief floods through me. I'm not alone anymore. The feeling almost overwhelms me. This is what I have wanted all my life. To belong somewhere. To be accepted for who I am and not punished or marginalized for it.
Hopes
But what if people still think I'm odd? What if I don't find the people I belong to and or when I am rejected again. What if I end up alone again. The past has branded me badly and the wounds are deep like knife cuts. The fear of being alone again sometimes paralyzes me.
Fears
In the end, I know I have to let the fear go and the pain of rejection and loneliness from the past. I have to look positively into the future because that's the only way things can change for the better. What lies behind me has taught me a lot and shown me that I am good the way I am.
Conclusion