Task A
1.
Outline what you learn about the three young women’s backgrounds and their current situations.
(Comprehension) (12 Punkte)
2.
Analyse how Maryam and her situation are presented. Focus on point of view and her relation to the other characters.
(Analysis) (16 Punkte)
3.
Choose one of the following tasks:
3.1
According to a survey conducted in 2018, 45% of Nigerian adults say they plan to move to another country within five years, 28% of them intending to move to the USA.
Comment on these figures and their implications. Refer to work done in class on Nigeria and on American myths and realities.
https://pewrsr.ch/2OsJI1z [Zugriff: 27.06.2020]
Comment on these figures and their implications. Refer to work done in class on Nigeria and on American myths and realities.
(Evaluation: comment) (14 Punkte)
The survey was conducted by Pew Research Center, an independent US-American opinion research institute. https://pewrsr.ch/2OsJI1z [27.06.2020]
Phillip Connor and Ana Gonzalez-Barrera, “Many Nigerians, Tunisians and Kenyans say they plan to leave their countries in the next five years”, 27 March 2019 https://pewrsr.ch/2OsJI1z [Zugriff: 27.06.2020]
or
3.2
On her last day at the Immigration Detention Centre, Maryam writes a letter to her childhood friend Abike back in Nigeria. Write this letter, focusing on her feelings about her return to Nigeria as well as on her hopes and fears for the future.
(Evaluation: re-creation of text) (14 Punkte)
Molara Wood The Last Bus Stop
The short story is set in London, where the three young women Sade, Ronke and Maryam became friends. Now Sade, the narrator, is about to call Ronke, who has gone to New York. She wants to tell her what happened to their friend Maryam. Before picking up the phone, she thinks back to the day when Ronke told them about her plan to leave.
1
"I have model friends who aren´t doing badly in New York." You looked at the greying sky
2
outside the window. "Yeah, I think that´s where I´m headed. America. Last Bus Stop."
3
I turned to Maryam who had sunk into the sofa, holding her mug close as though for warmth.
4
We were thinking the same thing: we would soon be losing our friend to America. God´s
5
own country. The Last Bus Stop for many of our generation who, once they got there, never
6
seemed to think there was anywhere left to go – or return. […]
7
That was the great thing about being around you, Ronke. The confidence that the world was
8
wide, lush and inviting and you had your place in it, a sure footing that could not slip. Back
9
in Lagos, Maryam and I would never move in the same circles as you. We’d probably never
10
meet your kind – rich and privileged with the world yours for the taking, able to enjoy
11
Beethoven if you chose. But in London we were your best friends. Remember how, when
12
irritated by those Nigerians we considered beneath us, we’d smirk, “London is a leveler”?
13
When it came to leveling Nigerians, London was indiscriminate. It leveled either way, up or
14
down the social ladder. Maryam and I didn’t mind that London leveled us up with you, Ronke.
15
Looking back, I see it was all that time in your company that got Maryam thinking about
16
becoming a model. It also fueled her dreams of escape to America, The Last Bus Stop.
17
Maryam was too short to be a model of course but carried herself like one. She was forced
18
to take a break from university, unable to afford the fees. Money from home had dried up.
19
Her widowed mother’s fabric retailing business in Lagos was badly hit by a ban on imported
20
textiles; then armed robbers swept the shop clean of expensive laces, voiles and jacquards.
21
Maryam’s student work permit ran out with her study visa, so she could not continue work
22
as a part-time beauty consultant with her new, illegal immigrant status. She did the odd job
23
where they were not too fussy about papers; and kept close to her beloved haunts by hanging
24
with you. Now you are gone, and tomorrow I will not attend lectures. I must go to Maryam,
25
you see.
26
I remember the day you left for New York, Ronke. We saw you off to Gatwick Airport.
27
When it was time to go through the passengers’ only gates, you wrapped us in what you
28
liked to call “major hugs.”
29
Maryam sobbed on the Gatwick Express back to Victoria Station and I pushed tissues into
30
her hands, embarrassed at the sneaky glances from other passengers. I realized then that
31
Maryam was crying more for herself than for you. She hadn’t found a way to escape her
32
predicament as you had just done. When the sniffling stopped, Maryam slipped on the
33
Gianfranco Ferré sunglasses you gave her. She looked a bit like the model she wanted to be
34
then, but a monologue ensued.
35
“I hate phoning home now, what’s the use? Mum can hardly feed my brothers, let alone find
36
the foreign exchange to support me here.”
37
I only listened, one arm round her shoulders.
38
“No use calling for money... Mum just cries and cries till my credit runs out. Last time I
39
phoned she begged me to come back home. But, go home to what, Sade, tell me; go home
40
to what? Go back a failure, a university drop-out. Go back with my head bowed when my
41
contemporaries in Lagos have done better with their lives? No. I can’t go back... I can’t go
42
back. Not just now.” [...]
43
Now on the lone sofa in my living room, I dial your US number. How to say it, Ronke?
44
That Maryam was caught attempting to board a flight to America with a forged passport
45
and is to be deported back to Nigeria? That the dodgy boyfriend took every penny she had
46
left to facilitate her last dash for The Last Bus Stop? If Kate Moss could make it as a model
47
without a great height, who was to say Maryam couldn’t? And if she couldn’t be a model in
48
America, she could be other things, couldn’t she? Ronke was there, was she not? Maryam
49
blurted it all out to me when I saw her at the Immigration Detention Centre today. Now,
50
I must in turn blurt it all out to you. You, Ronke, who started Maryam’s dream rolling.
51
I hear the phone ringing from across the waters. The receiver feels moist next to my cheek
52
as I wait for an answer.
Source: Molara Wood, The Last Bus Stop, 2009 http://www.snreview.org/0308Wood.html (Zugriff: 15.04.2020)
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Note:
Our solutions are listed in key points. In the examination, full marks can only be achieved by writing a continuous text.
Our solutions are listed in key points. In the examination, full marks can only be achieved by writing a continuous text.
1.
The excerpt from the short story "The Last Stop" published by Morlara Woods in 2009 is about three Nigerian young women: the narrator, Sade, and her two friends, Ronke and Maryam, and addresses both their backgrounds and their current situations.
Introduction
- the women first met in London, despite all being from Nigeria
- had different social statuses in their home country, which meant their paths did not intersect in Nigeria
- Maryam: had to drop out of university because she could no longer get money from home; Maryam's mother had a fabric business, but it was hit by several misfortunes (ban on imported textiles and robbers)
- she lost her study visa and consequently her student work permit
- Ronke: educated and comes from an affluent and privileged family
Main Part
Origin, background amd social status
Origin, background amd social status
- Ronke: lives in America to work as a model
- Maryam: is at the English Immigration Center because she is to be deported to Nigeria; tried to leave London with a forged passport
- Sade: still studying in London
Current situation
2.
- Maryam is one of the main protagonists of the short story's excerpt and is described from Sade's point of view.
- Sade's characterisation of Maryam gives the reader an insight into her hopes and fears and also shows how she is influenced by people around her
- Sade's point of view as the narrator has a fundamental influence on how readers perceive Maryam
Introduction and thesis
- it becomes clear that there is a close friendship between Maryam and Sade
- Maryam trusts Sade and opens up to her (l. 35 - 42)
- one can therefore assume that Sade's statements are true when she is telling about Maryam's dream of becoming a model
- however, she equally doubts that this dream will come true by saying “Maryam was too short to be a model of course” (l. 17)
- Sade's distanced and objective narration ( about e.g. the mother's fate and the consequences for Maryam (l. 17 - 22)) prevents the reader from feeling sympathy for Maryam
- this fact also underlines the trustworthiness of the narrator
Main Part
Point of view
Point of view
- Sade's narration gives the impression of addressing Ronke throughout the text
- Sade also holds Ronke responsible for Maryam's fate, as she was the one "who started Maryam’s dream rolling" (l. 50), and Maryam continues to rely on her support after she makes it to the US
- Maryam is very close to Ronke; she cries when her friend leaves England (l. 30/31)
- however, Sade emphasises that she "was crying more for herself" because "[s]he hadn't found a way to escape her predicament" (l. 31/32)
- this again underlines Maryams's deep despair
- the rash of this despair is the economic collapse of Maryam's mother (cf. 18 - 20)
- for she is dependent on her financial support (cf. 17 - 20)
- Maryam is not someone who gives up quickly: she accepts "odd job[s]" (l. 22) tries to follow Ronke to the USA with a "forged passport" (l. 44)
- however, this behaviour also shows how naïve she really is because she trusts a "dodgy boyfriend" who "took every penny she had left" (l. 45/46)
- wants to go off without any plans for the future because "if she couldn’t be a model in America, she could be other things, couldn’t she?" (l. 47/48)
- Maryam says that a return to Nigeria is out of the question for her because then she would feel like " a failure, a university drop-out" (line 40)
- however, her naïve daydreams take her exactly there
to the Immigration Detention Centre (l. 49)
- from where she is to be deported directly to Nigeria
Relation to other characters
- all in all, Maryam is portrayed by Sade as a fighter whose musings ultimately bring her back to where she never wanted to go again
deported to Nigeria
- the reader is forced to trust Sade's narratives and characterisations; the distanced narration does not make one feel much sympathy for Maryam
Conclusion
3.1
- A PEW Research Center survey conducted in 2018 found that 45 % of Nigerian adults plan to move to another country within five years
- 28 % of them with the intention of settling in the US
- The question that arises in the face of such an extreme trend is what lies behind such a rate of migration and what factors can be attributed to these figures.
Introduction
Referring to task and survey
Referring to task and survey
- Nigeria's economically difficult situation
- large inequalities within the country
- economic inequalities: wealth in the country is unequally distributed; most of the profits from oil go to corrupt politicians and businessmen as well as international companies
- social inequalities: access to health care and education
- the country is torn apart by ethnic and religious conflicts; fear of terrorist attacks
- as a result of these factors, people are leaving their own country searching for better opportunities abroad, such as the USA, the country known as the land of opportunity
Main Part
Factors that lead to leaving Nigeria
Factors that lead to leaving Nigeria
- USA; the land of unlimited possibilities where all dreams can come true
- there are many Nigerian communities within the USA
Advice and support for newcomers
- no language barrier for young people with the dream of studying; as English is the official language in Nigeria
- since Nigerian immigrants often come without work or study permits, they end up in low-paid jobs
- in addition, there has been persistent racism towards people of colour in the US to date, which also makes it more difficult for Nigerians
- dreams and hopes are quickly shattered by this cruel reality
Dreams vs. Reality
Factors for migrating to the USA
Factors for migrating to the USA
- for the country itself, the high emigration rates are also fatal
- Nigeria's young, educated citizens seek a better life abroad, often leaving behind the very young and the old
- but it's these young and strong people and workers that Nigeria needs to be renewed
Consequences for Nigeria
- the appalling results of the survey should be taken as a warning signal by the government
- something has to be changed to make life in Nigeria more attractive, to keep people in the country
- fighting corruption, providing more equal opportunities and creating prospects for the future would step in the right direction
Conclusion
3.2
- Dear Abike,
- I know it’s been quite a while since you last heard from me
- my life in London had been tough lately; even though I was trying my best, it still wasn’t enough
- now I am here, a place I dreaded the most
the Immigration Detention Centre soon being sent back to Nigeria
- you’re probably wondering how that happened; well, I got a forged passport and tried to get into the United States
- and now I have to pay the price for that by being sent back to Nigeria; empty-handed
Greeting and Introduction
- I am very ashamed; after everything my mother has done for me, sending me money and supporting me, I am now disappointing her like this and only because I bought this fake passport and tried to get into the USA illegally
- in the beginning, you know, things were really good for a while
- Mom's business was good until the problems came and the money stopped coming in
- I couldn't afford to go to university and had to drop out, one thing led to another, and I lost my study permit
- I was able to keep my head above water for a while with temporary jobs, but then my friend Ronke gave me the idea of being able to become a model in the USA
- but now I am afraid of being yet another burden for my mom; another worry; another mouth to feed
Main Part
Current feelings and fears
Current feelings and fears
- a job in Lagos to finance me is what I need right now maybe I can even support my mom and brothers
- I am versatile and a fighter, you know, and I am not picky either and will do almost anything
- and maybe with some savings, I can still get to the US somehow; I'm sure Ronke would support me if I could just get in somehow
Hopes for the future
- I am so afraid of being the laughing stock when I arrive in Nigeria
- Do you think you can stand by me and pick me up at the airport?
- Besides, we have so much to tell each other after not seeing each other for so long.
Fears for the future
- one good thing about all this is now I can look forward to seeing you and my family again
- I'll take care of the rest; I'll think of something
- even though I am still an optimistic fighter, I have learned my lesson to trust people and not to get my hopes up too high
- Looking forward to seeing you soon.
- Love, Maryam
Closing and Greeting