Text 2

The Sun Temple

They were on their way to see the Sun Temple at Konarak. It was a dry, bright Saturday, the

mid-July heat tempered by a steady ocean breeze, ideal weather for sightseeing. Ordinarily

Mr. Kapasi would not have stopped so soon along the way, but less than five minutes after

he'd picked up the family that morning in front of Hotel Sandy Villa, the little girl had

complained. The first thing Mr. Kapasi had noticed when he saw Mr. and Mrs. Das, standing

with their children under the portico of the hotel, was that they were very young, perhaps not

even thirty. In addition to Tina they had two boys, Ronny and Bobby, who appeared very

close in age and had teeth covered in a network of flashing silver wires. The family looked

Indian but dressed as foreigners did, the children in stiff, brightly colored clothing and caps

with translucent visors. Mr. Kapasi was accustomed to foreign tourists; he was assigned to

them regularly because he could speak English. Yesterday he had driven an elderly couple

from Scotland, both with spotted faces and fluffy white hair so thin it exposed their sunburnt

scalps. In comparison, the tanned, youthful faces of Mr. and Mrs. Das were all the more

striking. When he'd introduced himself, Mr. Kapasi had pressed his palms together in

greeting, but Mr. Das squeezed hands like an American so that Mr. Kapasi felt it in his elbow.

Mrs. Das, for her part, had flexed one side of her mouth, smiling dutifully at Mr. Kapasi,

without displaying any interest in him.

As they waited at the tea stall, Ronny, who looked like the older of the two boys, clambered

suddenly out of the back seat, intrigued by'a goat tied to a stake in the ground.

"Don't touch it," Mr. Das said. He glanced up from his paperback tour book, which said

"INDIA" in yellow letters and looked as if it had been published abroad. His voice, somehow

tentative and a little shrill, sounded as though it had not yet settled into maturity.

"I want to give it a piece of gum," the boy called back as he trotted ahead.

Mr. Das stepped out of the car and stretched his legs [.]. He frowned, watching as Ronny

rushed toward the goat, but appeared to have no intention of intervening. "Bobby, make sure

that your brother doesn't do anything stupid."

"I don't feel like it," Bobby said, not moving. [...]

"You left India as a child?" Mr. Kapasi asked when Mr. Das had settled once again into the

passenger seat.

"Oh, Mina and I were both born in America," Mr. Das announced with an air of sudden

confidence. "Born and raised. Our parents live here now, in Assansol'. They retired. We visit

them every couple years." He turned to watch as the little girl ran toward the car, the wide

purple bows of her sundress flopping on her narrow brown shoulders. [...]

"Where's Mina?" Mr. Das asked.

Mr. Kapasi found it strange that Mr. Das should refer to his wife by her first name when

speaking to the little girl. Tina pointed to where Mrs. Das was purchasing something from

one of the shirtless men who worked at the tea stall. Mr. Kapasi heard one of the shirtless

men sing a phrase from a popular Hindi love song as Mrs. Das walked back to the car, but

she did not appear to understand the words of the song, for she did not express irritation, or

embarrassment, or react in any other way to the man's declarations. [...]

Mrs. Das reached the car. "How long's the trip?" she asked, shutting the "About two and a

half hours," Mr. Kapasi replied.

At this Mrs. Das gave an impatient sigh, as if she had been traveling her whole life without

pause. She fanned herself with a folded Bombay film magazine written in English. [...]

"Doesn't it get tiresome, Mr. Kapasi, showing people the same thing every day?" Mr. Das

asked, rolling down his own window all the way. "Hey, do you mind stopping the car. I just

want to get a shot of this guy."

Mr. Kapasi pulled over to the side of the road as Mr. Das took a picture of a barefoot man,

his head wrapped in a dirty turban, seated on top of a cart of grain sacks pulled by a pair of

bullocks. Both the man and the bullocks were emaciated. In the back seat Mrs. Das gazed

out another window, at the sky,

where nearly transparent clouds passed quickly in front of one another.

"look forward to it, actually," Mr. Kapasi said as they continued on their way. "The Sun

Temple is one of my favorite places. In that way it is a reward for me. I give tours on Fridays

and Saturdays only. I have another job during the week."

"Oh? Where?" Mr. Das asked.

"I work in a doctor's office." "You're a doctor?"

“I am not a doctor. I work with one. As an interpreter." "What does a doctor need an

interpreter for?"

"He has a number of Gujarati patients. My father was Gujarati, but many people do not

speak Gujarati in this area, including the doctor. And so the

doctor asked me to work in his office, interpreting what the patients say." "Interesting. I've

never heard of anything like that," Mr. Das said.

Mr. Kapasi shrugged. 'It is a job like any other."

"But so romantic," Mrs. Das said dreamily, breaking her extended

silence. She lifted her pinkish brown sunglasses and arranged them on top of 80 her head

like a tiara. For the first time, her eyes met Mr. Kapasi's in the

rearview mirror: pale, a bit small, their gaze fixed but drowsy.

Mr. Das craned to look at her. "What's so romantic about it?"

"I don't know. Something." She shrugged, knitting her brows together for

an instant. "Would you like a piece of gum, Mr. Kapasi?" she asked brightly.

From: Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreters of Maladies, London 2000, pp. 43-50

Text Comprehension and analysis

Complete the following tasks using your own words as far as is appropriate. Quote correctly.

Give a characterisation of the Das family, considering their reactions to Indian culture in particular.

(15 %)

Examine the way in which the interaction between Mrs. and Mr. Das and M.r Kapasi unfolds, taking the narrative perspective into account.

(20 %)

(35 %)

Composition

Choose one of the following topics and write a coherent text laying out your ideas.

It is vital to speak a nation's language in order to understand its culture.
Do you agree?

"Understanding different national, cultural, and religious traditions is no longer a luxury; ti is now a necessity and must become a priority." (Karen Armstrong, born 1944, British author)
Comment on this statement.

Describe briefly, analyse and comment on the cartoon.

https://www.cartoonstock.com/cartoon?searchID=CS412273
last visited: 03/15/21

Annotation: de ja vu $\mathrel{\widehat{=}}$ déjà vu

(20 %)

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Note:
Our solutions are listed in bullet points. In the examination, full marks can only be achieved by writing a continuous text.

Text Comprehension and analysis

The Das family consists of five members, with Mr. and Mrs. Das being young American parents of Indian heritage.
Their "tanned, youthful faces" (l. 14) make them stand out among the crowd of English-speaking tourists, giving them a distinctly Indian appearance.
Mr. Das's voice, described as "tentative and a little shrill" (l. 24), contributes to the perception of his youthfulness and possible insecurity.
Mrs. Das, although not extensively described, appears somewhat disinterested during the family's visit to the Sun Temple.
She shows minimal interest in their guide, barely acknowledging them (l. 17/18), and displays a lack of enthusiasm for the tour itself (l. 48, 56/57).

Characterization
Mr & Mrs Das

Mr. and Mrs. Das have three children: Tina, Ronny, and Bobby. Tina interrupts the family's journey to the Sun Temple with her complaints.
Ronny disobeys his father by touching a goat despite instructions not to, and Bobby fails to check on his brother's actions as asked.
These incidents reflect poorly on Mr. Das's parental authority.
Additionally, Mr. Das referring to his wife as Mina when speaking to their daughter suggests a modern and less authoritative parenting style.

The Das children

During their routine visits to India to see the couple's retired parents, the Das family epitomizes stereotypical American tourists. Their appearance is distinctly Western, and their cultural awareness is lacking. (cf. ll. 9/10, 36)
Mr. Das greets their guide, Mr. Kapasi, with a firm handshake, while Mrs. Das offers a loopsided smile. (cf. l. 15-18)
Their repeated offers of chewing gum reinforce American stereotypes. (cf. l. 26, 78)
Mrs. Das's disinterest in Indian culture is evident as she sighs impatiently at the outing's length and gazes at the sky instead of her surroundings. (cf. l. 48)
She carries a film magazine, indicating a romanticized view of India. (cf. 1. 72-77).
Mr. Das demonstrates little consideration for locals, snapping photos without sensitivity. (cf. 1. 52-56)
He relies on a guidebook published abroad instead of engaging with Mr. Kapasi for firsthand information. (cf. l. 23)
Their reliance on foreign guidebooks and magazines highlights their detachment from Indian culture, as seen in Mrs. Das's inability to understand Hindi phrases and Mr. Das's surprise at language barriers within India. (cf. I.l 66-70).

Reaction to Indian culture

In conclusion, it can be observed that despite their outward appearance resembling Indians, the Das family no longer feel connected to the country.
Instead, they strongly associate themselves with American culture.

Conclusion

The story unfolds through a third-person narrator with a limited perspective, presenting the American-born characters through the eyes of their Indian guide, Mr. Kapasi.
As a result, readers witness Mr. Kapasi's gradual realization of the Das family's background and emotionally align with him.
Consequently, Mr. Kapasi's astonishment and subtle irritation towards the family's behavior and their lack of appreciation for both him and the scenic beauty they encounter are readily comprehensible.

Narrative Perspective

Mr. Kapasi's tact and consideration are crucial for initiating any interaction with the couple. He makes polite small talk with Mr. Das, asking about his childhood.
Mr. Das's response to Mr. Kapasi assuming they were born in India seems almost boastful as he confidently asserts their American birth.
Later, when Mr. Das suggests that being a tour guide must be boring, only to abruptly interrupt with a request for a photo-stop, it reflects his impoliteness and lack of interest in Mr. Kapasi's response.
Despite this, Mr. Kapasi patiently complies and resumes their conversation afterward.
Mr. Kapasi politely mentions that taking tourists to the Sun Temple is a treat for him, as he only works as a guide for two days a week, with his main job being an interpreter for Gujarati patients at a doctor's office.
Mr. Das's initial incredulity at the idea of their driver being a doctor, followed by his lack of knowledge about Indian culture and multilingualism, may be interpreted as a slight insult.
Overall, the interaction between Mr. Das and Mr. Kapasi remains rather impersonal, akin to that between an employer and an employee, with little evolution.

interaction be tween Mr. Das and Mr. Kapasi

Mrs. Das initially shows little interest in Mr. Kapasi, merely offering a dutiful smile when introduced.
Throughout the drive, her demeanor shifts from impatience with the trip's duration to blatant boredom, eventually leading to prolonged silence.
However, when Mr. Kapasi discusses his job as an interpreter, Mrs. Das becomes animated and engages in conversation.
She finds the idea of translating for the doctor "romantic" and even makes eye contact with Mr. Kapasi, spontaneously offering him chewing gum.
Although she struggles to articulate why interpreting is romantic when questioned by her husband, Mrs. Das's interest in Mr. Kapasi's unusual job marks a development in their relationship.
She begins to view him as more than just a servant, finally acknowledging him as a person worthy of her attention.

interaction between Mrs. Das and M.r Kapasi

In summary, the interaction among the three characters lacks vibrancy and occurs on an uneven footing.
Mr. Kapasi predominantly initiates the interaction with politeness, while Mrs. Das adds a somewhat surreal element by attempting to romanticize Mr. Kapasi's job to fulfill her fantasies about India.

Conclusion

Composition

While I concur that having a deep understanding of a nation's language is crucial for comprehending its culture, I believe there are other prerequisites that are equally significant.

Introduction

Although direct communication is crucial, cultural awareness extends beyond language.
When exploring foreign destinations, observing locals in their natural environment, unaffected by tourist expectations, is essential.
By witnessing everyday activities like greetings, cooking, and child-rearing, one can gain profound insights into a nation's essence.
The key to these encounters lies in embracing unfamiliar behaviors and traditions with openness and respect.
Only through such acceptance can one genuinely comprehend a foreign culture.

Main Body
importance of cultural awareness

The initial exposure to a culture different from one's own typically occurs through literature or more commonly by browsing guidebooks or researching texts online.
These impressions, however, are often second-hand and presented in one's native language due to the impracticality of mastering every country's language of interest.
It's widely acknowledged that much is lost in translation when it comes to literature, making it challenging to grasp subtle meanings without accessing the original text.
Guidebooks present an even more apparent barrier to directly accessing a country's culture.
Authored by individuals who may not be native speakers and produced abroad, they tend to focus on tourist-friendly attractions rather than portraying the authentic heritage of a nation.
Therefore, the ability to engage with authentic texts and, perhaps more importantly, converse with locals in their own language, holds immense value in comprehending a way of life, beliefs, and dispelling misconceptions.

first-hand impressions vs. second-hand information

While I acknowledge the significance of speaking foreign languages as a foundation for grasping foreign cultures, I believe that maintaining curiosity and attentiveness towards local behaviors and customs holds even greater importance.
Genuine understanding doesn't solely stem from acquiring numerous foreign words but rather from actively listening to and empathizing with others.
This understanding isn't necessarily verbal but rather emotional in nature.

Conclusion

Karen Armstrong's statement emphasizes the contemporary necessity of comprehending diverse national, cultural, and religious traditions.
In today's interconnected world, characterized by globalization and multiculturalism, understanding these traditions is no longer a luxury but a vital imperative.
With economic globalization, widespread migration, and increased travel, the world has become more interconnected than ever before, making intercultural competence essential for everyone.
As Armstrong suggests, prioritizing the training of intercultural competence is crucial in navigating this global landscape.

Introduction

Engaging in global business partnerships has become a commonplace aspect of modern life, something we all accept without much thought.
From clothing manufactured in Asia to German cars assembled across Europe or in the US, and produce imported from regions like South America or South Africa, these transactions are routine.
However, at the heart of all these dealings lies human interaction.
In today's workforce, which largely operates in an international environment, it's imperative to be mindful of local customs and practices.
This awareness is essential for ensuring satisfactory cooperation among all parties involved.
Considerations such as Singapore's stringent cleanliness standards, France's pride in its cultural heritage, or India's religious practices must be taken into account.
Without an in-depth understanding of and respect for these national peculiarities, conducting business abroad becomes significantly more challenging.

Main Body
globalization

Understanding and embracing diverse traditions is equally crucial when individuals from abroad choose to live and work in our country, whether as expatriates or as migrants seeking refuge from conflicts in their homelands.
In both scenarios, it's essential not to overlook or dismiss habits and religious practices that may appear unfamiliar to us.
Without mutual tolerance and respect, attempts at integration would falter, leading to a lack of peaceful coexistence.
Conversely, maintaining an open-minded approach and a willingness to learn from and understand each other can be mutually enriching for all parties involved.

tolerance and migration

Even if your exposure to foreign cultures is brief, such as during travel abroad, familiarizing yourself with the host country's culture should be a significant aspect of every tourist's pre-departure preparations.
Gestures like attempting to shake hands with Japanese individuals, who value maintaining personal space, or dressing in revealing attire in Arabic countries can be perceived as offensive, crude, and impolite, potentially resulting in unpleasant encounters.
Conversely, fully embracing the adventure of immersing oneself in another country's culture can greatly enhance the travel experience.

travel/avoidance ofcultural misunderstandings

In summary, in a world that is increasingly interconnected and where geographic barriers no longer impede communication, it is essential to understand and embrace diverse traditions.
As Karen Armstrong aptly states, prioritizing the teaching and learning of cultural awareness is crucial for preparing ourselves for the future.

Conclusion

The cartoon centers around the Taj Mahal in Agra, India, constructed in the 17th century as a mausoleum for the emperor's beloved wife.
The focal point of the cartoon is the majestic structure, flanked by two straight footpaths adorned with trees.
Some tourists, identifiable by their Western attire, possibly American, are seen walking along these paths towards the monument. One man remarks to the other, "This is deja vu all over again.
I lost my shirt at the Taj Mahal in Atlantic City," as indicated by the caption.

Description of the cartoon

Initially humorous, the cartoonist's message carries deeper criticism towards certain tourists' ignorance and indifference to foreign cultures encountered during their extensive travels.
Instead of being awestruck by the historical significance of the magnificent Taj Mahal, the man casually references its imitation in Atlantic City, USA, where he presumably lost money at the former casino.
This irreverent association highlights his lack of appreciation for the Indian original's rich history.
His disinterest suggests that he may even believe the American counterpart predates the original Taj Mahal.

Analysis

I fully agree with the perspective conveyed by the cartoonist, which highlights how many travelers often fail to appreciate the true essence of the destinations they visit.
In my view, individuals fortunate enough to explore the world should embrace the uniqueness of foreign cultures, marvel at renowned landmarks, and savor the experience of encountering extraordinary sights.
However, a significant number of tourists seem content to confine themselves to luxurious hotels that offer a uniform experience regardless of location, preferably nestled along sandy beaches.
Here, they seek familiar comforts such as suntanning and dining on cuisine reminiscent of home, often served in all-you-can-eat buffet style.

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