Thema B
The Secret History
by Donna Tartt
The novel is set at an American elite college in the 1980s. In the excerpt, the protagonist reflects upon his childhood before studying at Hampden College.
1
My name is Richard Papen. I am twenty-eight years old and I had never seen New England
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or Hampden College until I was nineteen. I am a Californian by birth and also, I have recently
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discovered, by nature. [...]
4
I grew up in Plano, a small silicon village in the north. No sisters, no brothers. My father
5
ran a gas station and my mother stayed at home until I got older and times got tighter and
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she went to work, answering phones in the office of one of the big chip factories outside San
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Jose.
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Plano. The word conjures up drive-ins, tract homes, waves of heat rising from the
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blacktop. My years there created for me an expendable past, disposable as a plastic cup.
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Which I suppose was a very great gift, in a way. On leaving home I was able to fabricate a
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new and far more satisfying history, full of striking, simplistic environmental influences; a
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colorful past, easily accessible to strangers.
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The dazzle of this fictive childhood – full of swimming pools and orange groves and
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dissolute, charming show-biz parents – has all but eclipsed the drab original. In fact, when I
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think about my real childhood I am unable to recall much about it at all except a sad jumble
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of objects: the sneakers I wore year-round; coloring books and comics from the supermarket;
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little of interest, less of beauty. I was quiet, tall for my age, prone to freckles. I didn’t have
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many friends but whether this was due to choice or circumstance I do not now know. I did
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well in school, it seems, but not exceptionally well; I liked to read – Tom Swift, the Tolkien
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books – but also to watch television, which I did plenty of, lying on the carpet of our empty
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living room in the long dull afternoons after school.
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I honestly can’t remember much else about those years except a certain mood that
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permeated most of them, a melancholy feeling that I associate with watching ‘The Wonderful
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World of Disney’ on Sunday nights. Sunday was a sad day – early to bed, school the next
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morning, I was constantly worried my homework was wrong – but as I watched the fireworks
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go off in the night sky, over the floodlit castles of Disneyland, I was consumed by a more
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general sense of dread, of imprisonment within the dreary round of school and home:
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circumstances which, to me at least, presented sound empirical argument for gloom. My
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father was mean, and our house ugly, and my mother didn’t pay much attention to me; my
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clothes were cheap and my haircut too short and no one at school seemed to like me that
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much; and since all this had been true for as long as I could remember, I felt things would
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doubtless continue in this depressing vein as far as I could foresee. In short: I felt my
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existence was tainted, in some subtle but essential way. [...]
34
After high school I went to a small college in my home town (my parents were opposed,
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as it had been made very plain that I was expected to help my father run his business, one of
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the many reasons I was in such an agony to escape) and, during my two years there, I
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studied ancient Greek. This was due to no love for the language but because I was majoring
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in pre-med (money, you see, was the only way to improve my fortunes, doctors make a lot
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of money, quod erat demonstrandum) and my counselor had suggested I take a language to
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fulfill the humanities requirement; and, since the Greek classes happened to meet in the
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afternoon, I took Greek so I could sleep late on Mondays. It was an entirely random decision
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which, as you will see, turned out to be quite fateful.
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I did well at Greek, excelled in it, and I even won an award from the Classics department
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my last year. It was my favorite class because it was the only one held in a regular classroom
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– no jars of cow hearts, no smell of formaldehyde, no cages full of screaming monkeys.
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Initially I had thought with hard work I could overcome a fundamental squeamishness and
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distaste for my subject, that perhaps with even harder work I could stimulate something like a
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talent for it. But this was not the case. As the months went by I remained uninterested, if not
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downright sickened, by my study of biology; my grades were poor; I was held in contempt by
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teacher and classmate alike. In what seemed even to me a doomed and Pyrrhic gesture, I
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switched to English literature without telling my parents. I felt that I was cutting my own throat
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by this, that I would certainly be very sorry, being still convinced that it was better to fail in a
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lucrative field than to thrive in one that my father (who knew nothing of either finance or
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academia) had assured me was most unprofitable; one which would inevitably result in my
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hanging around the house for the rest of my life asking him for money; money which, he
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assured me forcefully, he had no intention of giving me.
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So I studied literature and liked it better. But I didn’t like home any better. I don’t think I
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can explain the despair my surroundings inspired in me. Though I now suspect, given the
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circumstances and my disposition, I would’ve been unhappy anywhere, in Biarritz or Caracas
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or the Isle of Capri, I was then convinced that my unhappiness was indigenous to that place.
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Perhaps a part of it was.
(938 words)
Tartt, D. (1992). The Secret History. London: Penguin Books. pp. 5-8
Assignments
1.
Sum up the information about Richard’s parents.
2.
Analyse the way the protagonist is characterised.
3.
Choose one of the following tasks:
3.1
"[...] I was expected to help my father run his business, one of the many reasons I was in such an agony to escape [...]." (ll. 35–36) Taking the protagonist’s statement as a starting point, assess to what extent expectations shape young people’s aims and ambitions.
or
3.2
The Guardian is running an online project called “How family shapes your identity” asking its readers to contribute their view on the matter.
Write an article for the newspaper’s website, commenting on the role of family background as a factor in shaping one’s identity.
Write an article for the newspaper’s website, commenting on the role of family background as a factor in shaping one’s identity.
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Note:
Our solutions are listed in bullet points. In the examination, full marks can only be achieved by writing a continuous text. It must be noted that our conclusions contain only some of the possible aspects. Students can also find a different approach to argumentation.
Our solutions are listed in bullet points. In the examination, full marks can only be achieved by writing a continuous text. It must be noted that our conclusions contain only some of the possible aspects. Students can also find a different approach to argumentation.
1.
- They lived in Plano, California.
- His father ran a gas station, and his mother worked in the office of a chip factory.
- The relationship with his parents appears strained:
His father was mean and controlling.
His mother inattentive and indifferent.
- Lack of emotional support and attention fostered a sense of neglect and melancholy within him during his childhood.
- Although his parents expected him to help out in the family business, Richard aspired to a higher education.
He switched to studying Greek and English literature later, against his parents' wishes.
Information about Richard's parents
2.
In Donna Tartt's novel The Secret History, the protagonist Richard Papen is introduced as a complex and introspective character. Through Richard's narrative voice, readers are given an insight into his upbringing, motivations and inner conflicts.
Introduction
- Californian upbringing in Plano, characterised by melancholy and dissatisfaction, shapes his world view and influences his desire to escape to a new environment:
"I grew up in Plano, a small silicon village in the north. No sisters, no brothers." (l.4)
"I got older and times got tighter" (l.5)
"I am unable to recall much about it at all except a sad jumble of objects..." (l.15-16)
- Despite the challenges, Richard recognises the potential benefits of his past:
" I suppose was a very great gift, in a way." (l.10)
- Lack of siblings and significant friendships contribute to Richard's sense of loneliness.
"I didn’t have many friends ..." (l.17-18)
Main Body
Multifacated background
Multifacated background
- His pursuit of higher education reflects his desire for self-improvement and inner-satisfaction. (l.34-36)
- Search for meaning and identity beyond his worldly surroundings:
"studied ancient Greek... I was majoring in pre-med " (l.37-38)
- Richard's academic achievements emphasise his dedication and aptitude for academic tasks:
"I did well at Greek, excelled in it, and I even won an award from the Classics department my last year. " (l.43-44)
Curiosity and Ambitions
- Richard's existential despair serves as a catalyst for his journey of self-discovery, leading him to question his identity and search for a sense of belonging beyond the confines of his upbringing. (l.58-61)
- Despite his academic success and his pursuit of literature, Richard's existential angst persists, emphasising the deep sense of disconnection from his environment.
"...I would’ve been unhappy anywhere,..." (l.59)
Displacement and existential despair
- Torn between his practical desire for financial stability and his intellectual and emotional needs.
- Decision to switch from medicine to literature, a decision that he believes could lead to personal failure and financial dependence (l.50-56)
Recurring theme of inner conflict in the extract
- To summarise, through Richard's introspective narrative, the reader is immersed in his journey of self-discovery, encountering themes of identity, ambition and existential turmoil.
- His coping with past and present challenges serves as a lens through which broader themes of the human condition are explored.
- The Secret History offers the reader a compelling exploration of the complexities of identity and the search for meaning in an uncertain world.
Conclusion
3.1
The protagonist's touching statement about the pressure to help his father run the family business serves as a compelling starting point for exploring the profound impact of societal expectations on young people's goals and ambitions. In Donna Tartt's The Secret History, Richard's desire to escape these expectations emphasises a broader theme of tension between individual achievement and the pressures exerted by familial and societal norms.
Introduction
- Richard's narrative illustrates the widespread experience of feeling obliged to fulfil parental expectations in terms of career and life path.
" I was expected to help my father run his business" (l.35)
- The desire to please parents or fulfil their wishes can have a significant impact on young people's decision-making processes and sometimes lead them to compromise their own wishes and ambitions.
- Cultural and generational factors can reinforce these expectations:
Parents may project their own unfulfilled goals onto their children.
Reinforce their perceived obligations.
Main Body
Expectations of parents
Expectations of parents
- Society and culture have a strong influence on young people's goals and ambitions.
- Cultural ideals define what success looks like and force teenagers to follow predetermined paths.
- Certain professions or lifestyles are seen as more prestigious and influence young people's choices.
- Media and cultural narratives reinforce certain ideas of success and fulfilment.
- The pressure to conform to social norms can discourage them from pursuing other paths.
Social norms and cultural influence
- Societal expectations can limit individual autonomy and personal development.
- Feeling constrained by the pressure to fulfil external standards.
- Fear of failure or judgement can prevent from taking risks and exploring.
- The lack of freedom to pursue personal interests can hinder self-discovery and self-realisation.
- Problems with identity and self-expression can result from conforming to social norms.
- An inner conflict between social expectations and personal desires can lead to stress and dissatisfaction.
Consequences regarding personal growth
- Weight of societal expectations can contribute to feelings of anxiety and depression.
- Constant pressure can lead to burnout and emotional exhaustion.
- Comparisons with peers can increase feelings of self-doubt and low self-esteem.
Effects on mental health
- In conclusion, the protagonist's recognition of parental expectations reflects the widespread influence of social norms on adolescent ambitions.
- Young people must authentically confront societal pressures and pursue their passions in order to realise themselves.
- Fostering a supportive environment is critical to empowering individuals to freely pursue their dreams.
Conclusion
3.2
Between social and cultural expectations
Title
There are few influences in our lives that are as profound and enduring as those of the family. From our earliest days, the dynamics, traditions and values instilled in our family play a crucial role in shaping who we become.
Introduction
- It is the first influence we perceive and which shapes us:
Values and norms.
Intellectual curiosity, empathy, resilience ...
Can have a profound influence on our future ambitions, interactions and moral compass.
- Central pillar of our identity formation and forms the foundation on which our self-image is built.
- From traditions passed down through generations to everyday interactions in the home.
Main Body
Crucial influence of family
Crucial influence of family
- Relationships with parents, siblings and extended relatives, significantly influence our perception of self.
- A positive and nurturing family environment fosters self-confidence, resilience and a strong sense of belonging.
- A dysfunctional or strained relationships can lead to feelings of insecurity, anxiety and identity confusion.
- Family dynamics such as birth order and the parenting style of the parents influence character development.
Effects of family dynamics
- Educational opportunities
Access to good quality education varies greatly.
- Access to resources
Availability of healthcare, affordable housing and leisure activities.
- Financial situation
Income and savings can range from high to low.
- Social network
Social relationships that can affect opportunities and benefits.
Socioeconomic Status
- Open communication is important. Talking honestly with your family about your goals and boundaries could help.
- Be clear about what you agree with and what you don't agree with.
- Find a compromise that respects both your needs and your family's expectations.
- Manage expectations and understand that you can't please everyone and prioritize your own needs.
Managing family expectations
- Important to recognise that there are different family forms and dynamics.
- Respect the different choices that individuals make regarding their family structure, whether traditional or unconventional.
- Recognize the unique challenges faced by people from diverse family structures.
Acknowledging the diversity of family structures
- In navigating the complexities of modern life, it is important to recognize the profound role that family plays in shaping our identity.
- From cultural heritage to personal values, family influences shape every aspect of our lives, leaving an indelible imprint on who we are and who we aspire to be.
- Despite these influences, individuals have the ability to develop and evolve in unique directions based on their personal experiences and decisions.
Conclusion